www.wikidata.uk-ua.nina.az
Smugaste tilo lat corpus striatum pidkirkove utvorennya perednogo mozku i nadzvichajno vazhlivij komponent ekstrapiramidnoyi sistemi j sistemi vinagorod angl Reward System yake otrimuye glutaminergichni ta dofaminergichni impulsi z riznih struktur i sluzhit vhidnimi vorotami impulsiv do reshti sistemi bazalnih gangliyiv U vsih primativ voloknami biloyi rechovini yaki nazivayut vnutrishnoyu kapsuloyu dorzalna chastina smugastogo tila dilitsya na dvi chastini yaki nazivayutsya hvostate yadro i sochevicepodibne yadro Ventralna chastina skladayetsya z prileglogo yadra i nyuhovogo gorbka Smugaste tilo koordinuye dekilka kognitivnih funkcij vklyuchayuchi ruhi j yihnye planuvannya prijnyattya rishen motivaciyi pidkriplennya j vinagorodu Smugaste tilorozhevim poznacheni hvostate yadro i lushpina pomaranchevim talamusDorzalna chastina smugastogo tila mishiDetaliChastina vid Bazalni gangliyi Ekstrapiramidna sistema Sistema vinagorodIdentifikatoriLatina Corpus striatumAnatomiya Greya subject 189MeSH D003342NeuroNames 225NeuroLex ID birnlex 1672TA98 A14 1 09 516 i A14 1 09 515TA2 5559FMA 77618 i 77616Anatomichna terminologiya redaguvati u Vikidanih Zmist 1 Struktura 1 1 Tipi klitin 1 2 Anatomichni strukturni elementi 1 3 Aferentni zv yazki 1 4 Vidcentrovi eferentni zv yazki 2 Funkciya 3 Klinichne znachennya 3 1 Hvoroba Parkinsona 3 2 Zalezhnist 3 3 Bipolyarnij rozlad 4 Istoriya 5 Dodatkovi zobrazhennya 6 PosilannyaStruktura RedaguvatiTipi klitin Redaguvati Smugaste tilo geterogenna struktura z tochki zoru jogo komponentiv nejroniv 1 Shipuvati proyekcijni nejroni seredni shipuvati nejroni ye osnovnimi nejronami smugastogo tila 2 voni ye GAMK ergichnimi klasifikuyutsya yak galmivni j stanovlyat 95 vid zagalnoyi populyaciyi nejroniv u striatumi lyudini 2 Seredni shipuvati nejroni mayut dva osnovnih fenotipi tobto harakterni tipi D1 Tip i D2 tip 2 3 4 Holinergichni internejroni vivilnyayut acetilholin yakij maye cilij ryad vazhlivih efektiv u smugastomu tili U lyudini inshih primativ i grizuniv ci internejroni reaguyut na vazhlivi stimuli navkolishnogo seredovisha stereotipnimi vidpovidyami yaki vrivnovazhuyutsya z vidpovidyami dofamin ergichnih nejroniv chornoyi substanciyi 5 6 cherez dofaminovi receptori D5 7 Ye bagato tipiv GAMK ergichnih internejroniv 1 najbilsh vidomimi ye parvalbumin pozitivni yaki berut uchast u potuzhnomu pryamomu galmuvanni osnovnih nejroniv 8 krim togo ye GAMK ergichni internejroni yaki tropni do tirozin gidroksilazi 9 somatostatinu sintazi oksidu azotu ta nejropeptida Y 10 11 U doroslih lyudej postijno viroblyayutsya novi nejroni v smugastomu tili i ce mozhe zigrati vazhlivu rol u novih metodah likuvannya nejrodegenerativnih rozladiv 12 Anatomichni strukturni elementi Redaguvati nbsp Matrici i striosomni vidsiki Fluorescentnoyi mikroskopichni zobrazhennya koronalnogo zrizu mozku mishi provedenij cherez hvostate yadro lushpinu blidu kulyu Matrichno striosomnij podil podil tut viyavleno shlyahom podvijnogo imunogistohimichnogo kalbindin CALB zelenij i transgennogo chervonij fluorescentnij bilok RFP chervonij markuvannya vidsikiv matrici vikoristovuyuchi Cre mouse line Gpr101 Cre 13 nbsp MR zobrazhennya poperechnogo pererizu Smugaste tilo v chervonomu kolori vklyuchaye v sebe hvostate yadro zgori v lushpinu pravoruch i blidu kulyu znizu zliva Smugaste tilo podilyayetsya na dorzalnu j ventralnu chastini vidpovidno do anatomichnogo roztashuvannya i funkcionalnih zv yazkiv Ventralnij striatum skladayetsya z prileglogo yadra i nyuhovogo gorbka v dorsalnij striatum vhodyat hvostate yadro i lushpina Dorsalnij striatum mozhe buti diferencijovanij vidpovidno do imunohimichnih harakteristik zokrema stosovno acetilholinesterazi i kalbindinu div mal Matrici i striosomni vidsiki nbsp Anatomichnij oglyad golovnih zv yazkiv bazalnih gangliyiv substantia nigra vidilena chornim Drugij malyunok pokazuye 2 koronalnih zrizi nakladeni odin na drugij abi vklyuchiti zadiyani bazalni gangliyi Znaki ta u verhivci strilki pokazuyut vidpovidno zbudzhuyuchu ta galmivnu diyu danogo shlyahu Zeleni strilki poznachayut zbudzhuyuchi glutaminergichni shlyahi chervoni strilki poznachayut galmivni GAMK ergichni shlyahi i biryuzovi strilki poznachayut dofaminergichni yaki ye zbudzhuyuchimi v pryamih i galmivnimi v nepryamih shlyahah Aferentni zv yazki Redaguvati Najvazhlivishimi z aferentnih shlyahiv po kilkosti aksoniv kortikostriarni vid kori golovnogo mozku do smugastogo tila Bagato zon kori mozku inervuyut dorsalnij striatum Kirkovi piramidalni nejroni yaki viddayut svoyi aksoni v smugaste tilo znahodyatsya v sharah II VI ale najbilsh shilni volokna prihodyat z sharu V 14 Voni v osnovnomu zakinchuyutsya na shipah shipuvatih nejroniv i ye glutamin ergichnimi nejronami Inshij vidomij aferentnih shlyah nigrostriarnij sho pochinayetsya vid nejroniv pars compacta chornoyi substanciyi Takozh isnuyut aferenti vid inshih elementiv bazalnih gangliyiv takih yak subtalamichne yadro glutamin ergichni chi zovnishnya pokrishkova chastina blidoyi kuli GAMK ergichni Vidcentrovi eferentni zv yazki Redaguvati Striarni vihidni eferentni vidcentrovi shlyahi vid ventralnih i dorzalnih komponentiv sho skladayetsya v osnovnomu z serednih shipuvatih nejroniv proyekcijnih nejroniv yaki mayut dva osnovnih fenotipi nepryami z D2 tipu receptorami i pryami z D1 tipu receptorami 2 3 Osnova bazalnih gangliyiv ce smugaste tilo razom z dilyankami z yakimi vono bezposeredno proyekcijno pov yazane cherez striato palidonigralni puchki shilni zi slabkomiyelinizovanimi aksonami sho dodaye yim biluvatogo zabarvlennya Cya proyekciya skladayetsya z pokrishkovoyi ta medulyarnoyi chastin blidoyi kuli a takozh pars compacta i pars reticulata chornoyi substanciyi Nejroni ciyeyi dilyanki galmuyutsya GAMK ergichnimi sinapsami vid dorsalnogo striatuma Z nih lishe blida kulya ne posilaye aksoni za mezhi sistemi Inshi shlyut aksoni do verhnih gorbkiv chotirigorbkovogo tila do dodatkovoyi motornoyi oblasti do perednih yader talamusa a zvidti v frontalnu dilyanku kori Funkciya RedaguvatiIsnuyut deyaki vidminnosti v poglyadah na funkcionuvannya smugastogo tila u doslidnikiv vrahovuyuchi riznoridnist jogo elementiv ta uchast yih u riznih funkcionalnih pidsistemah U ventralnomu striatumi i prileglomu yadri zokrema v pershu chergu moderuyetsya kognitivna funkciya sistemi vinagorodi angl reward cognition pidkriplennya motivacijnoyi znachushosti v toj chas yak dorzalnij striatum u pershu chergu regulyuye piznavalnu ruhovu funkciyu vikonavchu funkciyu i stimul vidpovid navchannya 2 15 3 16 i lishe neznachnim chinom yihni funkciyi perekrivayutsya u dorsalnomu striatumi tezh ye komponent sistemi vinagorodi sho razom iz z prileglim yadrom oposeredkovuye koduvannya novih ruhovih program pov yazanih z majbutnoyu nagorodoyu 15 16 Metabotropni receptori dofaminu prisutni yak na shipah nejroniv tak i na kirkovih aksonovih terminalyah 17 18 U lyudini smugaste tilo aktivuyetsya stimulami pov yazanimi z sistemoyu vinagorodi a takozh iz nepriyaznyu noviznoyu 19 nespodivankami abo inshimi intensivnimi emocijnimi podraznikami 20 21 Klinichne znachennya RedaguvatiHvoroba Parkinsona Redaguvati Hvoroba Parkinsona prizvodit do vtrati dofaminergichnoyi innervaciyi v dorsalnomu striatumi ta inshih bazalnih gangliyiyah ta cilogo kaskadu naslidkiv Atrofiya striatuma takozh maye misce pri hvorobi Gentingtona horeyi atetozi i DCP 22 Zalezhnist Redaguvati Zalezhnist rozlad mozkovoyi sistemi vinagorod vinikaye cherez nadekspresiya z DFosB a transkripcijnij faktor v D1 Tipi serednih shipuvatih nejroniv v ventralnomu striatumi DFosB gen yakij indukuyetsya prileglomu yadri pislya visokih doz narkotikiv abo inshih silnih podraznikiv sho mozhut viklikati zalezhnist 23 24 Bipolyarnij rozlad Redaguvati Genetichni doslidzhennya pokazali zv yazok mizh striarnoyu ekspresiyeyu PDE10A gena j deyakimi bipolyarnimi rozladami 25 Istoriya RedaguvatiU XVII i XVIII stolittyah termin korpus striatum vikoristovuyetsya dlya poznachennya bezlichi riznih glibokih pidkirkovih elementah u 1941 roci Sesil i Oskar Fogt sprostili nomenklaturu zaproponuvavshi termin striatum dlya vsih utvoren pobudovanih zi striarnih elementiv hvostatogo yadra lushpini ta inshih Termin neostriatum buv zaproponovanij porivnyalnimi anatomami yaki doslidzhuvali pidkirkovi strukturi u hrebetnih i zaznachili sho ce dijsno filogenetichno bilsh novoyi chastini smugastogo tila Termin dosi vikoristovuyetsya v deyakih dzherelah 26 Dodatkovi zobrazhennya Redaguvati nbsp Animovane zobrazhennya smugastogo tila nbsp Smugaste tilo Pryama j bokova proyekciyiPosilannya Redaguvati a b Tepper JM Tecuapetla F Koos T Ibanez Sandoval O Front Neuroanat 2010 Dec 29 4 150 doi 10 3389 fnana 2010 00150 a b v g d Yager LM Garcia AF Wunsch AM Ferguson SM August 2015 The ins and outs of the striatum Role in drug addiction Neuroscience 301 529 541 PMID 26116518 doi 10 1016 j neuroscience 2015 06 033 The striatum receives dopaminergic inputs from the ventral tegmental area VTA and the substantia nigra SNr and glutamatergic inputs from several areas including the cortex hippocampus amygdala and thalamus Swanson 1982 Phillipson and Griffiths 1985 Finch 1996 Groenewegen et al 1999 Britt et al 2012 These glutamatergic inputs make contact on the heads of dendritic spines of the striatal GABAergic medium spiny projection neurons MSNs whereas dopaminergic inputs synapse onto the spine neck allowing for an important and complex interaction between these two inputs in modulation of MSN activity It should also be noted that there is a small population of neurons in the NAc that coexpress both D1 and D2 receptors though this is largely restricted to the NAc shell Bertran Gonzalez et al 2008 Neurons in the NAc core and NAc shell subdivisions also differ functionally The NAc core is involved in the processing of conditioned stimuli whereas the NAc shell is more important in the processing of unconditioned stimuli Classically these two striatal MSN populations are thought to have opposing effects on basal ganglia output Activation of the dMSNs causes a net excitation of the thalamus resulting in a positive cortical feedback loop thereby acting as a go signal to initiate behavior Activation of the iMSNs however causes a net inhibition of thalamic activity resulting in a negative cortical feedback loop and therefore serves as a brake to inhibit behavior there is also mounting evidence that iMSNs play a role in motivation and addiction Lobo and Nestler 2011 Grueter et al 2013 Together these data suggest that iMSNs normally act to restrain drug taking behavior and recruitment of these neurons may in fact be protective against the development of compulsive drug use a b v Ferre S Lluis C Justinova Z Quiroz C Orru M Navarro G Canela EI Franco R Goldberg SR June 2010 Adenosine cannabinoid receptor interactions Implications for striatal function Br J Pharmacol 160 3 443 453 PMC 2931547 PMID 20590556 doi 10 1111 j 1476 5381 2010 00723 x Two classes of MSNs which are homogeneously distributed in the striatum can be differentiated by their output connectivity and their expression of dopamine and adenosine receptors and neuropeptides In the dorsal striatum mostly represented by the nucleus caudate putamen enkephalinergic MSNs connect the striatum with the globus pallidus lateral globus pallidus and express the peptide enkephalin and a high density of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors they also express adenosine A1 receptors while dynorphinergic MSNs connect the striatum with the substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata and the entopeduncular nucleus medial globus pallidus and express the peptides dynorphin and substance P and dopamine D1 and adenosine A1 but not A2A receptors These two different phenotypes of MSN are also present in the ventral striatum mostly represented by the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle However although they are phenotypically equal to their dorsal counterparts they have some differences in terms of connectivity First not only enkephalinergic but also dynorphinergic MSNs project to the ventral counterpart of the lateral globus pallidus the ventral pallidum which in fact has characteristics of both the lateral and medial globus pallidus in its afferent and efferent connectivity In addition to the ventral pallidum the medial globus pallidus and the substantia nigra VTA the ventral striatum sends projections to the extended amygdala the lateral hypothalamus and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus It is also important to mention that a small percentage of MSNs have a mixed phenotype and express both D1 and D2 receptors Surmeier et al 1996 Nishi A Kuroiwa M Shuto T July 2011 Mechanisms for the modulation of dopamine d 1 receptor signaling in striatal neurons Front Neuroanat 5 43 PMC 3140648 PMID 21811441 doi 10 3389 fnana 2011 00043 Dopamine plays critical roles in the regulation of psychomotor functions in the brain Bromberg Martin et al 2010 Cools 2011 Gerfen and Surmeier 2011 The dopamine receptors are a superfamily of heptahelical G protein coupled receptors and are grouped into two categories D1 like D1 D5 and D2 like D2 D3 D4 receptors based on functional properties to stimulate adenylyl cyclase AC via Gs olf and to inhibit AC via Gi o respectively It has been demonstrated that D1 receptors form the hetero oligomer with D2 receptors and that the D1 D2 receptor hetero oligomer preferentially couples to Gq PLC signaling Rashid et al 2007a b The expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are largely segregated in direct and indirect pathway neurons in the dorsal striatum respectively Gerfen et al 1990 Hersch et al 1995 Heiman et al 2008 However some proportion of medium spiny neurons are known to expresses both D1 and D2 receptors Hersch et al 1995 Gene expression analysis using single cell RT PCR technique estimated that 40 of medium spiny neurons express both D1 and D2 receptor mRNA Surmeier et al 1996 Goldberg JA Reynolds JN December 2011 Spontaneous firing and evoked pauses in the tonically active cholinergic interneurons of the striatum Neuroscience 198 27 43 PMID 21925242 doi 10 1016 j neuroscience 2011 08 067 Coincident but distinct messages of midbrain dopamine and striatal tonically active neurons Neuron 43 1 133 43 July 2004 PMID 15233923 doi 10 1016 j neuron 2004 06 012 Bergson C Mrzljak L Smiley J F Pappy M Levenson R Goldman Rakic P S 1995 Regional cellular and subcellular variations in the distribution of D1 and D5 dopamine receptors in primate brain The Journal of neuroscience the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 15 12 7821 36 PMID 8613722 Inhibitory control of neostriatal projection neurons by GABAergic interneurons Nat Neurosci 2 5 467 72 May 1999 PMID 10321252 doi 10 1038 8138 Ibanez Sandoval O Tecuapetla F Unal B Shah F Koos T Tepper JM 2010 Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics and synaptic connectivity of tyrosine hydroxylase expressing neurons in adult mouse striatum J Neurosci 30 20 6999 7016 PMID 20484642 doi 10 1523 JNEUROSCI 5996 09 2010 Ibanez Sandoval O Tecuapetla F Unal B Shah F Koos T Tepper JM November 2011 A novel functionally distinct subtype of striatal neuropeptide Y interneuron J Neurosci 31 46 16757 69 PMID 22090502 doi 10 1523 JNEUROSCI 2628 11 2011 English DF Ibanez Sandoval O Stark E Tecuapetla F Buzsaki G Deisseroth K Tepper JM Koos T Nat Neurosci 2011 Dec 11 15 1 123 30 doi 10 1038 nn 2984 Neuron generating brain region could hold promise for neurodegenerative therapies Science Daily 20 lyutogo 2014 Arhiv originalu za 31 zhovtnya 2020 Procitovano 24 lyutogo 2014 Reinius B 27 bereznya 2015 Conditional targeting of medium spiny neurons in the striatal matrix Arhiv originalu za 16 grudnya 2019 Procitovano 23 grudnya 2016 Anatomical re evaluation of the corticostriatal projections to the caudate nucleus a retrograde labeling study in the cat Neurosci Res 34 4 257 69 1999 PMID 10576548 doi 10 1016 S0168 0102 99 00060 7 Proignorovano nevidomij parametr vauthors dovidka a b Taylor SB Lewis CR Olive MF February 2013 a b Molecular Neuropharmacology A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience vid 2nd New York McGraw Hill Medical 2009 s 147 148 367 376 ISBN 978 0 07 148127 4 VTA DA neurons play a critical role in motivation reward related behavior Chapter 15 attention and multiple forms of memory This organization of the DA system wide projection from a limited number of cell bodies permits coordinated responses to potent new rewards Thus acting in diverse terminal fields dopamine confers motivational salience wanting on the reward itself or associated cues nucleus accumbens shell region updates the value placed on different goals in light of this new experience orbital prefrontal cortex helps consolidate multiple forms of memory amygdala and hippocampus and encodes new motor programs that will facilitate obtaining this reward in the future nucleus accumbens core region and dorsal striatum In this example dopamine modulates the processing of sensorimotor information in diverse neural circuits to maximize the ability of the organism to obtain future rewards The brain reward circuitry that is targeted by addictive drugs normally mediates the pleasure and strengthening of behaviors associated with natural reinforcers such as food water and sexual contact Dopamine neurons in the VTA are activated by food and water and dopamine release in the NAc is stimulated by the presence of natural reinforcers such as food water or a sexual partner The NAc and VTA are central components of the circuitry underlying reward and memory of reward As previously mentioned the activity of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA appears to be linked to reward prediction The NAc is involved in learning associated with reinforcement and the modulation of motoric responses to stimuli that satisfy internal homeostatic needs The shell of the NAc appears to be particularly important to initial drug actions within reward circuitry addictive drugs appear to have a greater effect on dopamine release in the shell than in the core of the NAc Greengard P 2001 The neurobiology of slow synaptic transmission Science 294 5544 1024 30 PMID 11691979 doi 10 1126 science 294 5544 1024 Cachope R Cheer 2014 Local control of striatal dopamine release Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 8 188 PMC 4033078 PMID 24904339 doi 10 3389 fnbeh 2014 00188 Arhivovana kopiya Arhiv originalu za 6 serpnya 2016 Procitovano 23 grudnya 2016 Volman S F Lammel Margolis Kim Richard Roitman Lobo 2013 New insights into the specificity and plasticity of reward and aversion encoding in the mesolimbic system Journal of Neuroscience 33 45 17569 76 PMC 3818538 PMID 24198347 doi 10 1523 JNEUROSCI 3250 13 2013 The organization of the human striatum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity Journal of Neurophysiology 108 8 2242 2263 2012 PMID 22832566 doi 10 1152 jn 00270 2012 Proignorovano nevidomij parametr vauthors dovidka Walker FO January 2007 Huntington s disease Lancet 369 9557 218 28 PMID 17240289 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 07 60111 1 Nestler EJ December 2013 Cellular basis of memory for addiction Dialogues Clin Neurosci 15 4 431 443 PMC 3898681 PMID 24459410 Natural rewards neuroplasticity and non drug addictions Neuropharmacology 61 7 1109 22 Dec 2011 PMC 3139704 PMID 21459101 doi 10 1016 j neuropharm 2011 03 010 Proignorovano nevidomij parametr vauthors dovidka Science Daily Scientists pinpoint gene variations linked to higher risk of bipolar disorder Arhiv originalu za 2 listopada 2020 Procitovano 23 zhovtnya 2020 MeSH Neostriatum Otrimano z https uk wikipedia org w index php title Smugaste tilo amp oldid 38211106