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Carskij nekropol Bibla grupa z dev yati pidzemnih pohovalnih kamer en sho mistyat sarkofagi kilkoh cariv mista Bibl vidomij u davninu yak Gebal suchasnij Dzhbejl Gebejl ye odnim iz najstarishih postijno naselenih mist u sviti Za chasiv bronzovoyi dobi vin buv velikim torgovim centrom z Yegiptom i zavdyaki yihnim davnim stosunkam ostannij silno vplinuv na miscevu kulturu ta pohoronni obryadi pro sho svidchat pohovannya cariv nathnennih Yegiptom Carskij nekropol Bibla34 07 10 pn sh 35 38 43 sh d 34 1194444444722222 pn sh 35 64527777780555340 sh d 34 1194444444722222 35 64527777780555340 Koordinati 34 07 10 pn sh 35 38 43 sh d 34 1194444444722222 pn sh 35 64527777780555340 sh d 34 1194444444722222 35 64527777780555340Krayina LivanTip arheologichna pam yatkaCarskij nekropol BiblaCarskij nekropol Bibla Livan Misce roztashuvannya starodavnogo Bibla vidkriv Ernest Renan naprikinci 19 stolittya Tel sho ohoplyuye Starodavnij Bibl roztashovano na strategichno vazhlivomu misi z bokiv yakogo roztashovani dvi gavani yaki finikijci vikoristovuvali dlya morskoyi torgivli Uryad Franciyi pid chas diyi mandatu u Livani provodiv poshukovi neznachni rozkopki pid chas yakih buli rozkopani yegipetski relyefi z iyeroglifami Vidkrittya viklikalo interes zahidnih vchenih sho prizvelo do sistematichnogo doslidzhennya miscya 16 lyutogo 1922 roku silni doshi sprovokuvali zsuv bilya primorskoyi skeli Dzhbejl yakij ogoliv pidzemnij gipogej sho mistiv masivnij kam yanij sarkofag Mogilu doslidzhuvav francuzkij epigraf i arheolog Sharl Virolo en yakij ocholyuvav novostvorenu Sluzhbu starozhitnostej v Livani Navkolo miscya gipogeyu intensivni rozkopki provodiv francuzkij yegiptolog P yer Monte en yakij pid chas podalshih robit rozkopav visim pidzemnih pohovalnih kamer Monte rozdiliv mogili na dvi grupi persha grupa vidnositsya do dobi serednoyi bronzi usipalnici I IV Deyaki z cih grobnic buli nezajmanimi i mistili bezlich chasto cinnih predmetiv vklyuchayuchi podarunki faraoniv Serednogo carstva Amenemheta III i Amenemheta IV a takozh miscevi virobi v yegipetskomu stili Bagati pohovalni prikrasi mayut u skladi komplekti zolotih pektorali zbroyi ozdoblenih serpopodibnih mechiv Hopesh zolotih prikras a takozh sribnih dzerkal i virobiv alebastru ta terakoti Mogili drugoyi grupi grobnici z VI po IX buli pograbovani v davninu sho uskladnyuye tochne datuvannya prote deyaki artefakti vkazuyut na te sho grobnici vikoristovuvalisya vid kincya serednoyi do piznoyi bronzi Usi grobnici mayut podibnij plan sho skladayetsya z vertikalnoyi shahti sho z yednuyetsya v nizu z bokovoyu kameroyu priznachenoyu dlya pohovan Shahta grobnici V grobnici Ahirama viriznyalasya z pomizh inshih nayavnistyu finikijskogo grafito en sho zasterigaye grabizhnikiv vid proniknennya v mogilu prote napis ne vryatuvav grobnicyu vid grabizhnikiv Pohovalni kameri buli perekriti murovanimi stinami a shahti zasipani Vertikalni truboprovodi sho nagaduyut za funkciyami serdabi en yegipetskih mastabi Na poverhni arheologi znajshli slidi sporud podibnih do mastabi pobudovanih nad deyakimi mogilami yaki buli perebudovani v rimski chasi Okrim pohoronnogo inventaryu do nashih chasiv zbereglosya vsogo sim kam yanih sarkofagiv u pohovalnih kamerah yaki ne mistili kam yanih sarkofagiv buli derev yani yaki z chasom rozpalisya Masivni kam yani sarkofagi buli bez dekoru za vinyatkom sarkofaga Ahirama Cej sarkofag vidomij barelyefnim rizblennyam i finikijskim napisom en Napisi vidomi yak KAI 1 en ye odnim iz p yati vidomih epigrafiv carskih napisiv Bibla en vin vvazhayetsya najranishim vidomim prikladom povnistyu rozroblenogo finikijskogo alfavitu Monte porivnyav funkciyu grobnic Bibla z yegipetskimi mastabasami de pomerlij prijmaye formu ptaha i letit z pohoronnoyi kameri ta pohoronnogo kolodyazya do kaplici na rivni zemli de bogosluzhyat svyasheniki Bibliografiya red Awada Jalu Sawsan 1995 The stones of Byblos UNESCO Arhiv originalu za 8 zhovtnya 2021 Procitovano 13 bereznya 2022 Babey Maurice Ahiram Sarcophagus Byblos 13th Century akg images Arhiv originalu za 26 zhovtnya 2021 Procitovano 26 zhovtnya 2021 Barry John D 2016 The Lexham Bible Dictionary angl Bellingham WA Lexham Press Charaf Hanan 2014 The northern Levant Lebanon during the Middle Bronze Age U Steiner Margreet L Killebrew Ann E The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant c 8000 332 BCE angl Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978019166255 3 Cook Edward M 1994 On the Linguistic Dating of the Phoenician Ahiram Inscription KAI 1 Journal of Near Eastern Studies 53 1 33 36 ISSN 0022 2968 JSTOR 545356 doi 10 1086 373654 Cooper Julien 2020 Toponymy on the Periphery Placenames of the Eastern Desert Red Sea and South Sinai in Egyptian Documents from the Early Dynastic until the End of the New Kingdom angl Leiden BRILL ISBN 9789004422216 D R 1921 Mission Pierre Montet a Byblos Pierre Montet s mission in Byblos Syria fr 2 4 333 334 ISSN 0039 7946 JSTOR 4389726 cherez JSTOR Dever William Gwinn 1976 The Beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in Syria Palestine U Cross Frank Moore Lemke Werner E Wright George Ernest ta in Magnalia Dei the mighty acts of God essays on the Bible and archaeology in memory of G Ernest Wright Garden City N Y Doubleday ISBN 9780385052573 b cite book b rekomenduyetsya displayeditors dovidka DeVries LaMoine F 1990 U Mills Watson E Bullard Roger Aubrey McKnight Edgar V Mercer Dictionary of the Bible angl Macon Georgia Mercer University Press ISBN 9780865543737 DeVries LaMoine F 2006 Cities of the Biblical World An Introduction to the Archaeology Geography and History of Biblical Sites angl Eugene Oregon Wipf and Stock Publishers ISBN 9781556351204 Dunand Maurice 1939 Fouilles de Byblos Tome 1er 1926 1932 The Byblos excavations Tome 1 1926 1932 Bibliotheque archeologique et historique fr 24 Paris Librarie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner Dunand Maurice 1937 Fouilles de Byblos Tome 1er 1926 1932 Atlas The Byblos excavations Tome 1 1926 1932 Atlas Bibliotheque archeologique et historique French 24 Paris Librarie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner cherez gallica bnf fr Dussaud Rene 1924 Les inscriptions pheniciennes du tombeau d Ahiram roi de Byblos Phoenician inscriptions from the Tomb of Ahiram King of Byblos Syria Archeologie Art et histoire fr 5 2 135 157 doi 10 3406 syria 1924 3038 cherez Persee Dussaud Rene 1930 Les quatre campagnes de fouilles de M Pierre Montet a Byblos The four excavation campaigns of Mr Pierre Montet at Byblos Syria fr 11 2 164 187 ISSN 0039 7946 JSTOR 4237002 doi 10 3406 syria 1930 3470 cherez JSTOR Dussaud Rene 1956 L oeuvre scientifique syrienne de M Charles Virolleaud Syria Archeologie Art et histoire 33 1 8 12 doi 10 3406 syria 1956 5186 Fischer Steven Roger 2003 History of Writing angl Reaktion Books ISBN 9781861891679 Harper Douglas 2000 Etymology of Byblos Online Etymology Dictionary Tupalo MS Douglas Harper https www etymonline com word byblos Procitovano 2022 03 15 Head Barclay Vincent Hill Sir George Francis MacDonald George Wroth Warwick William 1911 Historia Numorum A Manual of Greek Numismatics angl Oxford Clarendon Press ISBN 9780722221877 Helck Wolfgang 1971 Die Beziehungen Agyptens zu Vorderasien im 3 und 2 Jahrtausend v Chr 2 verbesserte Auflage Relations between Egypt and the Middle East in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC Agyptologische Abhandlungen nim Wiesbaden O Harrassowitz ISBN 9783447012980 Huss Werner 1985 Geschichte der Karthager nim Munich C H Beck s 561 ISBN 9783406306549 Jequier Gustave 1921 Les frises d objets des sarcophages du Moyen Empire Friezes of objects of sarcophagi of the Middle Kingdom Memoires de l Institut Francais d Archeologie Orientale du Caire French Cairo Imprimerie de l Institut francais d archeologie orientale 47 cherez archive org Kilani Marwan 7 zhovtnya 2019 Byblos in the Late Bronze Age Interactions between the Levantine and Egyptian Worlds angl BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 41660 4 Lehmann Reinhard G 2005 Die Inschrift en des Ahirom Sarkophags und die Schachtinschrift des Grabes V in Jbeil Byblos The inscription s of the Ahirom sarcophagus and the shaft inscription of Tomb V in Jbeil Byblos nim Mainz am Rhein von Zabern ISBN 9783805335089 OCLC 76773474 Lehmann Reinhard G 2008 Calligraphy and Craftsmanship in the Ahirom inscription Considerations on skilled linear flat writing in early first millennium Byblos MAARAV Santa Monica Calif Western Academic Press 15 2 119 164 Lehmann Reinhard G 2015 Wer war Aḥirōms Sohn KAI 1 1 Eine kalligraphisch prosopographische Annaherung an eine epigraphisch offene Frage Who was Aḥirōm s son KAI 1 1 A calligraphic prosopographic approach to an epigraphically open question Neue Beitrage zur Semitistik Funftes Treffen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Semitistik in der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft vom 15 17 Februar an der Universitat Basel Alter Orient und Altes Testament AOAT 425 Munster Ugarit Verlag 2015 p 163 180 Munster Ugarit Verlag Lendering Jona 2020 Byblos Livius Arhiv originalu za 2 chervnya 2021 Procitovano 30 lipnya 2021 Montet Pierre 1921 Lettre a M Clermont Ganneau Letter to Mr Clermont Ganneau Comptes rendus des seances de l Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres fr 65 2 158 168 doi 10 3406 crai 1921 74450 Montet Pierre 1927 Un Egyptien roi de Byblos sous la XIIe dynastie Etude sur deux scarabees de la collection de Clercq An Egyptian king of Byblos under the Twelfth Dynasty study on two scarabs from the Clercq collection Syria Fr 8 2 85 92 ISSN 0039 7946 JSTOR 4195343 doi 10 3406 syria 1927 3277 cherez JSTOR Montet Pierre 1928 Byblos et l Egypte Quatre Campagnes de Fouilles a Gebeil 1921 1922 1923 1924 Texte Byblos and Egypt four excavation campaigns in Gebeil 1921 1922 1923 1924 Text Bibliotheque archeologique et historique fr 11 Paris Geuthner cherez archive org Montet Pierre 1929 Byblos et l Egypte Quatre Campagnes de Fouilles a Gebeil 1921 1922 1923 1924 Atlas Byblos and Egypt four excavation campaigns in Gebeil 1921 1922 1923 1924 Atlas Bibliotheque archeologique et historique fr 11 Paris Geuthner cherez archive org Moore Andrew Michael Tangye 1978 The neolithic of the Levant angl Ann Arbor University of Oxford Moran William L 1992 The Amarna Letters angl Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978 0 8018 4251 1 Nigro Lorenzo 2020 Byblos an ancient capital of the Levant Revue Phenicienne 10 Porada Edith 1973 Notes on the Sarcophagus of Ahiram Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society angl 5 1 2166 Pottier Edmond 1922 Observations sur quelques objets trouves dans le sarcophage de Byblos Lettre a M Rene Dussaud Directeur de la revue Syria Syria Archeologie Art et histoire 3 4 298 306 doi 10 3406 syria 1922 8854 Renan Ernest 1864 Mission de Phenicie Dirigee par M Ernest Renan Mission to Phenicia directted by Mr Ernest Renan fr Paris Imprimerie imperiale Salameh Franck 2017 The other Middle East An anthology of modern Levantine literature angl New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 9780300204445 Segert Stanislav 1997 U Kaye Alan S Daniels Peter T Phonologies of Asia and Africa including the Caucasus angl Winona Lake Ind Eisenbrauns ISBN 978 1 57506 019 4 Sparks RachaelThyrza 5 lipnya 2017 Stone Vessels in the Levant angl Routledge ISBN 978 1 351 54778 9 Vincent L H 1925 Les fouilles de Byblos The excavations of Byblos Revue Biblique 1892 1940 fr 34 2 161 193 ISSN 1240 3032 JSTOR 44102762 Virolleaud Charles 1922 Decouverte a Byblos d un hypogee de la douzieme dynastie egyptienne Discovery in Byblos of a Hypogeum of the twelfth Egyptian dynasty Syria Fr 3 4 273 290 ISSN 0039 7946 JSTOR 4195157 doi 10 3406 syria 1922 8851 cherez JSTOR Wilkinson Toby 2011 The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt New York NY A amp C Black ISBN 9780553384901 Cya stattya mistit perelik posilan ale pohodzhennya tverdzhen u nij zalishayetsya nezrozumilim cherez praktichno povnu vidsutnist vnutrishnotekstovih dzherel vinosok Bud laska dopomozhit polipshiti cyu stattyu peretvorivshi dzherela z pereliku posilan na dzherela vinoski u samomu teksti statti serpen 2023 Otrimano z https uk wikipedia org w index php title Carskij nekropol Bibla amp oldid 40162399