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Efekt Yarkovskogo O Kifa Radziyevskogo Peddeka skor YaORP efekt abo YORP efekt yavishe zmini shvidkosti obertannya nevelikih asteroyidiv nepravilnoyi formi pid diyeyu sonyachnogo svitla YORP efekt ye odnim iz proyaviv efektu Yarkovskogo ta jogo shirshoyu variaciyeyu sho vrahovuye dodatkovi faktori yaki vplivayut na tilo v kosmichnomu prostori Vidbittya ta pereviprominyuvannya sonyachnogo svitla vid poverhni asteroyida tak samo yak i v efekti Yarkovskogo stvoryuye zagalnij teplovij moment dlya asteroyida z nepravilnoyu formoyu Cherez velikij promizhok chasu ci teplovi momenti mozhut vplinuti na kut nahilu ta shvidkist obertannya malih til Sonyachnoyi sistemi Cej mehanizm sonyachnogo svitla sho zminyuye period obertannya buv pridumanij Rubinkamom 2000 roku ta otrimav nazvu YORP efektu YORP efekt ye vazhlivim bo ne tilki kontrolyuye dovgostrokovu evolyuciyu vektoriv obertannya asteroyidu ale i velichinu ta napryamok diyi efektu Yarkovskogo sho zalezhit vid parametriv obertannya Faktichno koli YORP efekt ob yednuyetsya iz pov yazanim efektom Yarkovskogo to vin maye dopomogti poyasniti obertalni orbitalni ta fizichni parametri malih asteroyidiv 1 2 3 4 5 Takozh mi mozhemo sposterigati YORP za dopomogoyu vimiryuvannya riznici v fazah siderichnogo obertannya malih asteroyidiv 6 Propeler Rubinkama Ilyustruye nayavnist YORP efektu asimetrichnogo asteroyidaSonyachne svitlo diye na asimetrichni poverhni propeleru RubinkamaZmist 1 Istoriya 2 Teoriya 3 Sposterezhennya 4 Znachennya 5 Div takozh 6 Primitki 7 Posilannya i dzherelaIstoriya red U 19 mu storichchi Ivan Yarkovskij zrozumiv infrachervone viprominyuvannya z tila nagritogo Soncem viklikaye deyakij obertalnij moment U perekladi na suchasnu fiziku kozhnij foton viklikaye moment p E c de E hn ce energiya ta c shvidkist svitla u vakuumi V V Radziyevskij pripustiv ideyu shozhu z ideyeyu obertannya zi zminnim albedo 7 Dali Stiven Peddok ta Dzhon O Kif zrozumili sho forma asteroyida maye nabagato bilshij vpliv na zminu shvidkosti jogo obertannya Peddok ta Ri zaproponuvali ideyu zgidno z yakoyu YORP efekt maye sprichinyati obertalni rozrivi asimetrichnih asteroyidiv ta yih virogidne vikidannya za mezhi Sonyachnoyi sistemi 8 Teoriya red Rubinkam u 2000 roci zobraziv diyu YORP efektu na prikladi obertannya kulyastogo asteroyida z dvoma klinami priyednanimi do ekvatora Dlya simetrichnogo propelera sila reakciyi vid fotoniv sho vilitayut z bud yakogo zadanogo elementa ploshi bude diyati po normali do poverhni takim chinom mi ne zmozhemo sposterigati niyakogo obertalnogo momentu YORP tak samo yak i efekt Yarkovskogo mozhna rozglyadati yak zvorotnyu silu prikladenu do elementa d S n d S displaystyle d boldsymbol S boldsymbol n perp dS nbsp poverhni sho sprichinena teplovim vidbittyam ta pereviprominyuvannyam poglinenogo sonyachnogo svitla d w d t T e C T S C displaystyle d omega over dt boldsymbol T mathbf boldsymbol e over C T S over C nbsp w displaystyle omega nbsp kutova shvidkist e displaystyle e nbsp odinichnij vektor osi obertannya T d L d t displaystyle T dL over dt nbsp moment sil T S displaystyle T S nbsp komponent momentu sil sho diye vzdovzh osi obertannya ta viklikaye zminu periodu obertannya asteroyidu d L displaystyle dL nbsp moment Impulsu C displaystyle C nbsp moment Inerciyi d ϵ d t T e 1 C w T S C w displaystyle d epsilon over dt boldsymbol T mathbf boldsymbol e perp 1 over C omega T S over C mathbf omega nbsp YORP efekt mozhe diyati ne lishe na poodinoki a j na podvijni asteroyidi 9 Takij efekt nazivayut BYORP angl binary YORP vin prizvodit do zmini parametriv orbiti podvijnoyi sistemi rezultatom chogo mozhe buti zlittya abo rozpad podvijnogo asteroyida Sposterezhennya red Analiz populyacij dribnih asteroyidiv yasno vkazuye na zv yazok yih evolyuciyi z YORP efektom Ociniti vikovi zmini nahilu asteroyida pid diyeyu YORP efektu zaraz nemozhlivo ale mozhlivo viyaviti vikovi zmini shvidkosti obertannya Odnak ce ye skladnim zavdannyam oskilki obertalnij moment YORP majzhe ne vplivaye na kilometrovi asteroyidi na vidstani priblizno odniyeyi astronomichnoyi odinici Tak samo yak iz efektom Yarkovskogo viyavlennya YORP pov yazane z tochnim vimiryuvannyam fazi ϕ displaystyle phi nbsp sho pov yazana z periodom obertannya asteroyida Ce vidbuvayetsya tomu sho obertalna chastota w displaystyle omega nbsp zminyuyetsya linijno za zakonom w t w 0 d w d t displaystyle omega t omega 0 d omega over dt nbsp yaksho prijnyati pripushennya sho d w d t displaystyle d omega over dt nbsp maye vlasnu zminnu chasu Pov yazana z nim faza ϕ displaystyle phi nbsp zrostaye v chasi za kvadratichnim zakonom ϕ t ϕ 0 w 0 t 1 2 d w d t t 2 displaystyle phi t phi 0 omega 0 t 1 over 2 d omega over dt t 2 nbsp Do togo zh inshi zburennya napriklad slabki nutaciyi ne nastilki pomitni shob sprostuvati nayavnist YORP Ce oznachaye sho u modeli d w d t 0 displaystyle d omega over dt 0 nbsp YORP efekt vistupaye yak pohibka do chastoti w 0 displaystyle omega 0 nbsp Tomu mali dobavki w 0 displaystyle omega 0 nbsp zrostayut linijno u fazovij ploshini obertannya asteroyida Mozhlivist detektuvati YORP viplivaye z mozhlivosti rozrizniti cej linijnij vnesok Takim chinom mozhna detektuvati YORP dlya okremo obranogo asteroyida za desyatirichchya 2007 roku bulo pryame sposterezhne pidtverdzhennya efektu YORP na malih asteroyidah 54509 YORP sho todi poznachavsya 2000 PH5 10 11 ta 1862 Apollon 12 Shvidkist obertannya 54509 YORP podvoyitsya za 600 000 rokiv takozh YORP efekt mozhe zminiti nahil osi i shvidkist precesiyi tozh povnij vpliv efektu YORP mozhe privesti do rezonansu v obertannyah asteroyidiv i vidpovidno poyasniti isnuvannya podvijnih asteroyidiv 13 Vidomi znachennya YORP efektu dlya asteroyidiv Ob yekt d w d t displaystyle d omega over dt nbsp 10 8 rad den2 Period ch Vidstan A O Posilannya54509 YORP 350 35 0 203 0 98 14 25143 Itokava 3 5 0 4 12 132 1 27 15 1620 Geograf 1 2 0 2 5 223 1 18 16 1862 Apollon 5 5 1 2 3 065 1 22 17 18 3103 Eger 1 4 0 6 5 710 1 32 19 1865 Cerber lt 0 8 6 803 0 96 19 Znachennya red Kontrolyuye zminu shvidkosti obertannya ta kut nahilu asteroyida YORP efekt kontrolyuye efekt Yarkovskogo sho vidpovidaye za transportuvannya asteroyidiv z oblasti Yupiteru do oblasti Zemli tim samim vplivaye na chiselnist populyaciyi navkolozemnih asteroyidiv Viklikaye vidcentrovu silu sho provokuye zsuvi gruntu do ekvatora asteroyida i v deyakih vipadkah jogo rozriv ta formuvannya podvijnoyi sistemi Peredbacheno sho efekt BYORP graye fundamentalnu rol v evolyuciyi podvijnih sistem Isnuye gipoteza zgidno z yakoyu majzhe vsi mali podvijni asteroyidi tipu kupa shebenyu yaki sposterigayutsya perebuvayut u rivnovazi BYORP i priplivni momenti obertannya zbalansovani Div takozh red Tangencialnij efekt YaORP Efekt YarkovskogoPrimitki red Bottke W F Jr Vokrouhlicky D Rubincam D P Broz M The Effect of Yarkovsky Thermal Forces on the Dynamical Evolution of Asteroids and Meteoroids Asteroids III 2002 S 395 408 Bibcode 2002aste book 395B Rubincam David 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Yarkovsky and Yorp Effects Implications for Asteroid Dynamics Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences T 34 S 157 191 Otrimano z https uk wikipedia org w index php title Efekt YaORP amp oldid 39786411