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Starodavni kiti Chas isnuvannya eocen oligocenRodhocetusBiologichna klasifikaciyaDomen Eukarioti Eukaryota Carstvo Tvarini Animalia Tip Hordovi Chordata Pidtip Cherepni Craniata Infratip Hrebetni Vertebrata Klas Ssavci Mammalia Nadryad CetartiodactylaRyad Kitopodibni Cetacea Pidryad Starodavni kiti Archaeoceti Flower 1883RodiniPakicetidae Ambulocetidae Remingtonocetidae Protocetidae BasilosauridaePosilannyaVikishovishe ArchaeocetiVikividi ArchaeocetiFossilworks 42933Starodavni kiti Archaeoceti vimerlij pidryad primitivnih kitopodibnih ssavciv Najdavnishi predstavniki grupi napriklad pakicet she mali kincivki za dopomogoyu yakih voni peresuvalis po sushi Zmist 1 Pohodzhennya 2 Opis 3 Taksonomiya 3 1 Sistematika 4 Filogeniya 5 Chasova liniya rodiv 6 PosilannyaPohodzhennya RedaguvatiNa pidstavi harakteristik zubnoyi sistemi vvazhalosya sho starodavni kiti utvorilasya vid mezonihij Mesonychia vimerlogo ryadu kopitnih m yasoyidnih ssavciv Odnak nedavni doslidzhennya zasnovani na molekulyarnih danih a ne zubnij morfologiyi pokazali sho ranni kitiv jmovirno pohodyat vid parnokopitnih mozhlivo mayut zagalnogo predka iz rodinoyu Begemotovi Predok arheocet jmovirno vidhilivsya vid parnokopitnih u kinci krejdyanogo periodu abo na pochatku paleocenu Najdavnishim vidomim predstavnikom grupi ye pakicet Jogo skam yanilosti znajdeni u Pakistani ta datuyutsya rannim eocenom 56 49 mln rokiv tomu Ostannij predstavnik grupi bazilozavr vimer 25 mln rokiv tomu Opis Redaguvati nbsp PakicetusPakicet pakicetus pakistanskij kit mav dobre rozvineni kincivki priznacheni dlya peresuvannya na sushi ta dovgij hvist Zovnishnim viglyadom ta rozmirom nagaduvav vovka Na blizkist do kitiv vkazuye S podibna kistka u vnutrishnomu vusi yaka ye tilki u kitiv Tvarina zhila u milkih prisnih vodojmah abo bolotah Budova zubnoyi sistemi vkazuye na ribnu diyetu pakiceta nbsp AmbulocetusPiznishij predstavnik ambulocet sho zhiv 53 mln rokiv tomu bilshe nagaduvav krokodila U nogo buli veliki nogi i silnij hvist golova z dovgoyu mordoyu ta micnimi zubami Zadni kincivki buli korotshimi za peredni Palci zakinchuvalis kopitami Ambulocet zhiv u priberezhnih vodah plavav za dopomogoyu zadnih kincivok yak ce roblyat suchasni vidri Vin she ne vtrativ zdatnosti do peresuvannya po sushi ale ruhi jogo buli nezgrabnimi yak u suchasnih tyuleniv Remingtonoceti mali korotki kincivki ta dovgij silnij hvist Krihitni ochi vkazuyut na poganij zir Veliki vuha vkazuyut sho v nih mozhlivo buv horoshij sluh Remingtonoceti mozhlivo zhili u prisnih kalamutnih vodojmah Pivdennoyi Aziyi Voni mali dovgu mordu dovgu shiyu ta nogi sho buli zdatni utrimuvati vagu tvarini na zemli Protocetovi zhili 47 41 mln rokiv tomu Voni mali dribni zadni kincivki ta silnij hvist Ce buli horoshi plavci sho naselyali tepli ta milki morya U deyakih vidiv zadni kincivki ne buli z yednani iz hrebtom sho vkazuye na te sho voni buli vzhe ne zdatni peresuvatisya na sushi Zubnij aparat nagaduye takij u suchasnih zubatih kitiv Ce buli aktivni hizhaki sho zhivilis riboyu Ostanni predstavniki grupi bazilozavrovi vzhe buli spravzhnimi volodaryami morya Voni nagaduvali suchasnih kitiv prote mali redukovani zadni kincivki Peredni vzhe peretvorilis na lasti Ci tvarini she ne koristuvalis eholokaciyeyu Taksonomiya RedaguvatiSistematika Redaguvati Kitopodibni Cetacea Starodavni kiti Archaeoceti PakicetidaePakicetus Pakicet Nalacetus Ichthyolestes dd AmbulocetidaeAmbulocetus Ambulocet Gandakasia Himalayacetus dd RemingtonocetidaeAndrewsiphius Attockicetus Dalanistes Kutchicetus Remingtonocetus dd ProtocetidaeGeorgiacetinaeBabiacetus Carolinacetus Eocetus Eocet Georgiacetus Natchitochia Pappocetus dd MakaracetinaeMakaracetus Makaracet dd ProtocetinaeAegyptocetus Yegiptocet Artiocetus Crenatocetus Gaviacetus Indocetus Indocet Maiacetus Mayacet Protocetus Protocet Qaisracetus Rodhocetus Rodocet Takracetus Togocetus dd dd BasilosauridaeBasilotritus Basilosaurus Bazilozavr Basiloterus Ancalecetus Chrysocetus Cynthiacetus Dorudon Dorudon Masracetus Ocucajea Saghacetus Stromerius Supayacetus Zygorhiza dd KekenodontidaeKekenodon Phococetus dd dd dd Filogeniya RedaguvatiCetartiodactyla Artiodactyla nbsp Cetacea Pakicetidae nbsp Ambulocetidae nbsp Remingtonocetidae nbsp Protocetidae nbsp Basilosauridae nbsp Dorudontinae nbsp Odontoceti nbsp Mysticeti nbsp Chasova liniya rodiv Redaguvati nbsp Chasova liniya rodiv drevnih kitivPosilannya RedaguvatiAndrews C W 1920 A description of new species of zeuglodont and of leathery turtle from the Eocene of Southern Nigeria Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1919 18 309 19 OCLC 228169273 doi 10 1111 j 1096 3642 1919 tb02124 x Procitovano April 2013 Bajpai Sunil Gingerich Philip D December 1998 A new Eocene archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from India and the time of origin of whales PNAS 95 26 15464 68 Bibcode 1998PNAS 9515464B OCLC 678707438 doi 10 1073 pnas 95 26 15464 Bajpai Sunil Thewissen J G M 2000 A new diminutive Eocene whale from Kachchh Gujarat India and its implications for locomotor evolution Current Science 79 10 1478 82 Procitovano July 2013 Bajpai S Thewissen JG Sahni A 2009 The origin and early evolution of whales macroevolution documented on the Indian subcontinent J Biosci 34 5 673 86 OCLC 565869881 PMID 20009264 doi 10 1007 s12038 009 0060 0 Procitovano February 2013 Bianucci Giovanni Gingerich Philip D 2011 Aegyptocetus tarfa n gen et sp Mammalia Cetacea from the middle Eocene of Egypt clinorhynchy olfaction and hearing in a protocetid whale PDF Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 6 1173 88 doi 10 1080 02724634 2011 607985 Procitovano September 2013 Clementz Mark T Fordyce R Ewan Peek Stephanie L Fox David L 2014 Ancient marine isoscapes and isotopic evidence of bulk feeding by Oligocene cetaceans Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2012 09 009 Dehm Richard Oettingen Spielberg Therese zu 1958 Palaontologische und geologische Untersuchungen im Tertiar von Pakistan 2 Die mitteleocanen Saugetiere von Ganda Kas bei Basal in Nordwest Pakistan Abhandlungen Neue Folge 91 Munich Beck OCLC 163296508 Flower William Henry 1883 On the Arrangement of the Orders and Families of Existing Mammalia Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 178 86 OCLC 83091701 Fordyce Ewan 2002 Cetacean Evolution U Perrin William R Wiirsig Bernd Thewissen J G M Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Academic Press s 214 25 ISBN 0 12 551340 2 Fordyce R E 2008 Neoceti U Perrin W F Wursig B Thewissen J G M Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals vid 2 Academic Press s 758 763 ISBN 978 0 12 373553 9 Fraas Eberhard 1904 Neue Zeuglodonten aus dem unteren Mitteleocan vom Mokattam bei Cairo Geologische und Palaontologische Abhandlungen Jena Verlag Gustav Fischer 6 3 199 220 Procitovano July 2013 Geisler Jonathan H Sanders Albert E Luo Zhe Xi July 2005 A new protocetid whale Cetacea Archaeoceti from the late middle Eocene of South Carolina American Museum Novitates 3480 1 68 OCLC 4630500767 doi 10 1206 0003 0082 2005 480 0001 ANPWCA 2 0 CO 2 Procitovano September 2013 Gervais Paul 1876 Remarques au sujet du genre Phocodon d Agasiz Journal de Zoologie 5 64 70 Procitovano July 2013 Gibbes Robert Wilson 1845 Description of the teeth of a new fossil animal found in the Green Sand of South Carolina Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2 9 254 256 Procitovano July 2013 Shablon Paleodb Zagalnij oglyad Gingerich P D 1992 Marine Mammals Cetacean and Sirenia from the Eocene of Gebel Mokattam and Fayum Egypt Stratigraphy Age and Paleoenvironments University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 30 1 84 OCLC 26941847 Procitovano May 2013 Gingerich Philip D 2005 Cetacea U Rose K D Archibald J D Placental mammals origin timing and relationships of the major extant clades Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press s 234 252 Procitovano December 2013 Gingerich Philip D 2007 Stromerius nidensis new archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from the Upper Eocene Qasr El Sagha Formation Fayum Egypt Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 31 13 363 78 OCLC 214233870 Gingerich Philip D Arif M Bhatti M Akram Anwar M Sanders William J 1997 Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini New Archaeoceti Mammalia Cetacea from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation with a Revised Interpretation of Ages of Whale Bearing Strata in the Kirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range Punjab Pakistan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan 30 2 55 81 OCLC 742731913 Gingerich Philip D Arif Muhammad Clyde William C 1995 New Archaeocetes Mammalia Cetacea from the middle Eocene Domanda Formation of the Sulaiman Range Punjab Pakistan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology The University of Michigan 29 11 291 330 OCLC 34123868 Procitovano February 2013 Gingerich Philip D Cappetta Henri 2014 A New Archaeocete and Other Marine Mammals Cetacea and Sirenia from Lower Middle Eocene Phosphate Deposits of Togo Journal of Paleontology 88 1 109 129 doi 10 1666 13 040 Gingerich Philip D Raza S M Arif M Anwar M Zhou X 1994 New whale from the Eocene of Pakistan and the origin of cetacean swimming Nature 368 6474 844 47 Bibcode 1994Natur 368 844G OCLC 742745707 doi 10 1038 368844a0 Procitovano April 2013 Gingerich Philip D Russell Donald E 1981 Pakicetus inachus A New Archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from the Early Middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Kohat Pakistan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology The Museum of Michigan 25 11 OCLC 742729300 Procitovano February 2013 Gingerich Philip D Uhen Mark D 1996 Ancalecetus simonsi a new dorudontine archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from the early late Eocene of Wadi Hitan Egypt Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan 29 13 359 401 OCLC 742731018 Procitovano July 2013 Gingerich Philip D Ul Haq Munir Khan Intizar Hussain Zalmout Iyad S 2001 Eocene stratigraphy and archaeocete whales Mammalia Cetacea of Drug Lahar in the eastern Sulaiman range Balochistan Pakistan Contributions from the Museum 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March 2013 Goldin Pavel Zvonok Evgenij 2013 Basilotritus uheni a New Cetacean Cetacea Basilosauridae from the Late Middle Eocene of Eastern Europe Journal of Paleontology 87 2 254 68 OCLC 4960242901 doi 10 1666 12 080R 1 Harlan R 1834 Notice of fossil bones found in the Tertiary formation of the State of Louisiana Transactions of the American Philosophical society 4 397 403 JSTOR 1004838 OCLC 63356837 Hector J 1881 Notes on New Zealand Cetacea recent and fossil Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 13 434 37 OCLC 31837919 Procitovano July 2013 Hulbert Jr Richard C Petkewich Richard M Bishop Gale A Bukry David Aleshire David P September 1998 A New Middle Eocene Protocetid Whale Mammalia Cetacea Archaeoceti and Associated Biota from Georgia Journal of Paleontology 72 5 907 927 JSTOR 1306667 OCLC 4908698029 Kumar K Sahni A 1986 Remingtonocetus harudiensis new combination a middle Eocene archaeocete Mammalia Cetacea from western Kutch India Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6 4 326 349 OCLC 4649653943 doi 10 1080 02724634 1986 10011629 McLeod S A Barnes L G 2008 A new genus and species of Eocene protocetid archaeocete whale Mammalia Cetacea from the Atlantic Coastal plain U Wang Xiaoming Barnes Lawrence G Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America Science Series Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 41 s 73 98 Procitovano February 2013 Rose Kenneth David 2006 The Beginning of the Age of Mammals JHU Press ISBN 978 0 8018 8472 6 Sahni Ashok Mishra Vijay Prakash 1975 Lower Tertiary vertebrates from western India Monograph of the PaleontologicalSociety of India 3 1 48 ASIN B0007AL8UE OCLC 3566369 Steeman M E Hebsgaard M B Fordyce R Ewan Ho S Y W Rabosky D L Nielsen R Rahbek C Glenner H Sorensen M V Willerslev E 2009 Radiation of Extant Cetaceans Driven by Restructuring of the Oceans Systematic Biology 58 6 573 585 doi 10 1093 sysbio syp060 Stromer Ernst 1908 Die Archaeoceti des agyptischen Eozans Beitrage zur palaontologie und geologie Osterreich Ungarns und des Orients W Braumuller OCLC 21174007 Procitovano July 2013 Thewissen J G M 2002 Archaeocetes Archaic U Perrin William R Wiirsig Bernd Thewissen J G M Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Academic Press s 36 9 ISBN 0 12 551340 2 Thewissen J G M Hussain S T 2000 Attockicetus praecursor a new remingtonocetid cetacean from marine Eocene sediments of Pakistan Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7 3 133 46 OCLC 362777268 doi 10 1023 A 1009458618729 Thewissen J G M Hussain S T 1998 Systematic review of the Pakicetidae Early and middle Eocene Cetacea Mammalia from Pakistan and India Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum 34 220 38 Thewissen J G M Madar S I Hussain S T 1996 Ambulocetus natans an Eocene cetacean Mammalia from Pakistan Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 191 s 1 86 ISBN 9783929907322 OCLC 36463214 Thewissen J G M Williams E M Roe L J Hussain S T 2001 Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls Nature 413 277 81 OCLC 118116179 PMID 11565023 doi 10 1038 35095005 Procitovano February 2013 Trivedy A N Satsangi P P 1984 A new archaeocete whale from the Eocene of India Abstracts of 27th International Geological Congress Moscow 1 322 23 True F W 1908 The fossil cetacean Dorudon serratus Gibbes Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 52 4 5 78 OCLC 355813868 OL 19219818M Procitovano July 2013 Uhen Mark D 1998 New protocetid Mammalia Cetacea from the late middle Eocene Cook Mountain Formation of Louisiana Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 3 664 8 JSTOR 4523937 OCLC 204612030 doi 10 1080 02724634 1998 10011093 Uhen Mark D 2005 A new genus and species of archaeocete whale from Mississippi Southeastern Geology 43 3 157 72 Uhen M D 2008 New protocetid whales from Alabama and Mississippi and a new cetacean clade Pelagiceti Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 3 589 593 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2008 28 589 NPWFAA 2 0 CO 2 Zagalnij oglyad December 2013 Uhen Mark D Gingerich Philip D January 2001 New genus of dorudontine archaeocete Cetacea from the middle to late Eocene of South Carolina Marine Mammal Science 17 1 1 34 OCLC 204061291 doi 10 1111 j 1748 7692 2001 tb00979 x Uhen Mark D Pyenson Nicholas D Devries Thomas J Urbina Mario Renne Paul R 2011 New Middle Eocene Whales from the Pisco Basin of Peru Journal of Paleontology 85 5 955 69 OCLC 802202947 doi 10 1666 10 162 1 Procitovano July 2013 West Robert M 1980 Middle Eocene large mammal assemblage with Tethyan affinities Ganda Kas region Pakistan Journal of Paleontology 54 3 508 533 JSTOR 1304193 OCLC 4899161959 nbsp Ce nezavershena stattya z teriologiyi Vi mozhete dopomogti proyektu vipravivshi abo dopisavshi yiyi Otrimano z https uk wikipedia org w index php title Starodavni kiti amp oldid 39605355