Білий геноцид асиміляція Білий геноцид вірм սպիտակ ցեղասպանություն спітак цегаспанутюн термін який вживають вірмени на п

Білий геноцид (вірм. սպիտակ ցեղասպանություն спітак цегаспанутюн) — термін, який вживають вірмени на позначення загрози асиміляції в діаспорі, особливо в Західному світі.

Наприкінці ХІХ і на початку ХХ століття вірмени, які проживали на землях своїх предків, що тоді входили до складу Османської імперії, зазнавали систематичного знищення. З 1894 по 1896 рік до 300 тис. вірмен було вбито під час гамідійської різанини. З 1915 по 1923 рік геноцид вірмен, відповідальність за який лягає на османську владу, забрав життя близько 1,5 млн вірмен.

Німецький політолог Крістоф Цюрхер пише у своїй книжці 2007 року «Пострадянські війни: повстання, етнічний конфлікт і національна спільність на Кавказі»:

«Геноцид» став ключовим словом, яке мало кілька конотацій. «Білий» геноцид або «біла» різанина позначали репресії, асиміляцію або примусову міграцію вірмен з їхніх історичних земель (які були набагато більшими, ніж Радянська Вірменія і включали Карабах, а також території, що належать сучасній Туреччині).

Західні вірмени вважають вірмен, які асимілюються з місцевим населенням країни, куди вони в кінцевому підсумку змушені емігрувати (як-от США, Франція, Аргентина, Бразилія, Канада тощо), втраченими для своєї нації через безстрокове вигнання після фактичного геноциду і таким чином вважають втраченого вірменина черговою жертвою геноцидної спроби знищити вірмен.

Цей термін частина вірмен вживає також на позначення дискримінації вірмен у Нагірному Карабаху та Нахічевані, що примусило їх покинути там домівки. А дехто використовує його і відносно області Джавахетія в Грузії.

Див. також ред.

Примітки ред.

Armenian Church: 1976–1980, Volumes 19–23, Diocese of the Armenian Church of America, p. 30, "The Armenian community is shaken in all parts of the world by civil war, revolution, and the "white genocide" of assimilation."
Conflict Studies, Issues 223–236, Current Affairs Research Service Centre, 1989, p. 1 " ... subject to being assimilated, a situation referred to by some Armenians as the "white genocide."
Carolin Alfonso, Waltraud Kokot, Khachig Tölölyan. Diaspora, Identity and Religion: New Directions in Theory and Research, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 9780203401057, p. 72 "Interethnic marriages, on the other hand, would eventually lead to a loss of identity and to so-called 'white genocide'; 'white genocide' is a popular term describing the threat of assimilation used in the dominant discourse of identity in Armenian diaspora communities all over the world."
Huberta Von Vos. Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the Contemporary World, Berghahn Books, 2007, ISBN 9781845452575, p. 128 "The catholicos is thoroughly opposed to the growing assimilation of diaspora Armenians, and coins for it a strong term, for it: "white genocide", or also "dissapprearance by assimilation"."
The re-appropriation of the past: History and politics in Soviet Armenia, 1988—1991, Harvard University, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 2003. p. 392 "For example, environmental degradation was "ecological genocide," while assimilation and outmigration were viewed as "white genocide.""
We are thankful for the blessing of hope, Armenian Reporter, November 29, 2008 "It was hope of survival as a people that kept "White Genocide" at bay. It was hope of a return to the homeland that nurtured generations and trained them to love the ethereal idea of a homeland."
MultiCultural Review: Dedicated to a Better Understanding of Ethnic, Racial, and Religious Diversity, Volume 7, GP Subscription Publications, 1998, p. 12 "Armenian Americans face other challenges. Kasbarian describes the "White Genocide," the gradual assimilation of Armenian immigrants and their descen- dents into the broader American culture ... "
Melkonian, Markar (2004). My brother's road: an American's fateful journey to Armenia. London: I. B. Tauris. с. 78. ISBN 9781850436355. «... by facilitating Armenian emigration from the Middle East to assimilation in the West, the Council had implicated itself in a "white genocide" that would put the oldest and strongest Armenian communities of the diaspora.»
Akçam, Taner (2006) A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility p. 42, Metropolitan Books, New York ISBN 978-0-8050-7932-6
Derderian, Katharine (2005). . Holocaust and Genocide Studies (англ.). 19 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1093/hgs/dci001. ISSN 8756-6583. PMID 20684092. Архів оригіналу за 29 листопада 2021. Процитовано 29 листопада 2021. «the figure of 1.5 million people is generally accepted as a reasonable estimate»
Zürcher, Christoph (2007). The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus. New York: New York University Press. с. 156. ISBN 9780814797099.
Donald Eugene Miller, Lorna Touryan Miller, Survivors: An Oral History Of The Armenian Genocide [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 166
Waltraud Kokot, Diaspora, Identity and Religion: new directions in theory and research [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 72
New Times, New Times Publishing House, 1994 "This would inevitably result in a "final solution," a new carnage of Karabakh Armenians or, at best, if international control is established, in "white genocide," that is, the breaking up and ousting of the national group by economic means ... "
Tsypylma Darieva, Wolfgang Kaschuba. Representations on the Margins of Europe: Politics and Identities in the Baltic and South Caucasian States, Campus Verlag GmbH, 2007, ISBN 9783593382418, p. 111 "Thus, the notion of »genocide«, as perceived by the people, included the expressions »white genocide« (bearing in mind the example of the ethnic cleansing of Nakhichevan and Nagorno- Karabagh of Armenians) ... "
Ole Høiris, Sefa Martin Yürükel. Contrasts and solutions in the Caucasus, Aarhus Univ. Press, 1998, ISBN 9788772887081, p. 234 [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.] " ... the Azerbaijanization of Nakhichevan is called a 'white genocide', that is, one that operates by erasure of evidence of Armenian residence"
Mark Malkasian, Gha-ra-bagh!: the emergence of the national democratic movement in Armenia [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 56
Stuart J. Kaufman, Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 55
James Sperling, S. Victor Papacosma, Limiting Institutions?: the challenge of Eurasian security governance [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 51
Yerevan protest urges respect for Armenian cultural heritage in Georgia, BBC Monitoring Central Asia, December 11, 2009

[1] Armenian Church: 1976–1980, Volumes 19–23, Diocese of the Armenian Church of America, p. 30, "The Armenian community is shaken in all parts of the world by civil war, revolution, and the "white genocide" of assimilation."

[2] Conflict Studies, Issues 223–236, Current Affairs Research Service Centre, 1989, p. 1 " ... subject to being assimilated, a situation referred to by some Armenians as the "white genocide."

[3] Carolin Alfonso, Waltraud Kokot, Khachig Tölölyan. Diaspora, Identity and Religion: New Directions in Theory and Research, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 9780203401057, p. 72 "Interethnic marriages, on the other hand, would eventually lead to a loss of identity and to so-called 'white genocide'; 'white genocide' is a popular term describing the threat of assimilation used in the dominant discourse of identity in Armenian diaspora communities all over the world."

[4] Huberta Von Vos. Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the Contemporary World, Berghahn Books, 2007, ISBN 9781845452575, p. 128 "The catholicos is thoroughly opposed to the growing assimilation of diaspora Armenians, and coins for it a strong term, for it: "white genocide", or also "dissapprearance by assimilation"."

[5] The re-appropriation of the past: History and politics in Soviet Armenia, 1988—1991, Harvard University, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 2003. p. 392 "For example, environmental degradation was "ecological genocide," while assimilation and outmigration were viewed as "white genocide.""

[6] We are thankful for the blessing of hope, Armenian Reporter, November 29, 2008 "It was hope of survival as a people that kept "White Genocide" at bay. It was hope of a return to the homeland that nurtured generations and trained them to love the ethereal idea of a homeland."

[7] MultiCultural Review: Dedicated to a Better Understanding of Ethnic, Racial, and Religious Diversity, Volume 7, GP Subscription Publications, 1998, p. 12 "Armenian Americans face other challenges. Kasbarian describes the "White Genocide," the gradual assimilation of Armenian immigrants and their descen- dents into the broader American culture ... "

[8] Melkonian, Markar (2004). My brother's road: an American's fateful journey to Armenia. London: I. B. Tauris. с. 78. ISBN 9781850436355. «... by facilitating Armenian emigration from the Middle East to assimilation in the West, the Council had implicated itself in a "white genocide" that would put the oldest and strongest Armenian communities of the diaspora.»

[Akcam-9] Akçam, Taner (2006) A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility p. 42, Metropolitan Books, New York ISBN 978-0-8050-7932-6

[10] Derderian, Katharine (2005). . Holocaust and Genocide Studies (англ.). 19 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1093/hgs/dci001. ISSN 8756-6583. PMID 20684092. Архів оригіналу за 29 листопада 2021. Процитовано 29 листопада 2021. «the figure of 1.5 million people is generally accepted as a reasonable estimate»

[11] Zürcher, Christoph (2007). The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus. New York: New York University Press. с. 156. ISBN 9780814797099.

[12] Donald Eugene Miller, Lorna Touryan Miller, Survivors: An Oral History Of The Armenian Genocide [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 166

[13] Waltraud Kokot, Diaspora, Identity and Religion: new directions in theory and research [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 72

[14] New Times, New Times Publishing House, 1994 "This would inevitably result in a "final solution," a new carnage of Karabakh Armenians or, at best, if international control is established, in "white genocide," that is, the breaking up and ousting of the national group by economic means ... "

[15] Tsypylma Darieva, Wolfgang Kaschuba. Representations on the Margins of Europe: Politics and Identities in the Baltic and South Caucasian States, Campus Verlag GmbH, 2007, ISBN 9783593382418, p. 111 "Thus, the notion of »genocide«, as perceived by the people, included the expressions »white genocide« (bearing in mind the example of the ethnic cleansing of Nakhichevan and Nagorno- Karabagh of Armenians) ... "

[16] Ole Høiris, Sefa Martin Yürükel. Contrasts and solutions in the Caucasus, Aarhus Univ. Press, 1998, ISBN 9788772887081, p. 234 [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.] " ... the Azerbaijanization of Nakhichevan is called a 'white genocide', that is, one that operates by erasure of evidence of Armenian residence"

[17] Mark Malkasian, Gha-ra-bagh!: the emergence of the national democratic movement in Armenia [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 56

[18] Stuart J. Kaufman, Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 55

[19] James Sperling, S. Victor Papacosma, Limiting Institutions?: the challenge of Eurasian security governance [ 29 листопада 2021 у Wayback Machine.], p. 51

[20] Yerevan protest urges respect for Armenian cultural heritage in Georgia, BBC Monitoring Central Asia, December 11, 2009