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Mode l iyerarhi chnoyi skla dnosti angl Model of hierarchical complexity skor MHC model ocinki skladnosti povedinki takoyi yak koristuvannya movoyu logikoyu matematikoyu chi vikonannya inshih kognitivnih zavdan Cya model viznachaye iyerarhiyu rivniv skladnosti kognitivnih zavdan na osnovi principiv teoriyi informaciyi Model rozroblyayetsya Majklom Kommonsom ta inshimi doslidnikami pochinayuchi z 1980 h Zmist 1 Oglyad 2 Rivni iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti 3 Zauvazhennya 4 Literatura 5 PosilannyaOglyad RedaguvatiModel iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti MHC ye formalnoyu teoriyeyu dlya ocinki skladnosti povedinki Rozroblena Majklom L Kommonsom i kolegami cya teoriya viznachaye iyerarhiyu rivniv skladnosti kognitivnih zavdan na osnovi principiv teoriyi informaciyi Za dopomogoyu modeli iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti mozhna ociniti povedinku okremih istot tvarin chi lyudej u bud yakij sferi sho pov yazana iz kognitivnim rozvitkom Perevaga MHC polyagaye u nayavnosti teoretichnogo opisu rivniv vilnogo vid kulturnih kontekstiv ta empirichnih pripushen Iyerarhiya rivniv skladnosti bazuyetsya na nastupnih principah pershi dva principi zapozicheni z teoriyi kognitivnogo rozvitku Zhana Piazhe tretij princip Majkl Kommons dodav Zavdannya bilshoyi skladnosti viznachayutsya v terminah poperednogo rivnya skladnosti Zavdannya bilshoyi skladnosti organizovuyut diyi poperednogo rivnya skladnosti Zavdannya bilshoyi skladnosti organizovuyut diyi nizhchogo rivnya skladnosti ne dovilnim sposobom cim zavdannya bilshoyi skladnosti vidriznyayutsya vid prostih lancyuzhkiv dij nizhchogo rivnya skladnosti Ci principi iyerarhiyi rivniv skladnosti yedini ne lishe dlya riznih lyudskih kultur a j dlya riznih vidiv zhivih istot Prichina yednosti polyagaye v tomu sho dlya vsih zhivih istot ta lyudskih kultur zastosovuyutsya odni j ti zh sami principi iyerarhichnoyi organizaciyi informaciyi nezalezhno vid zmistu ciyeyi informaciyi MHC viznachaye iyerarhiyu z 16 rivniv iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti Vona vidriznyayetsya vid inshih modelej stadij rozvitku tim sho stavit rivni rozvitku v zalezhnist ne vid formalnih oznak napriklad vik lyudini yak u Zhana Piazhe a vid faktichnih rezultativ vikonannya zavdan riznoyi skladnosti Bezumovnimi perevagami ciyeyi modeli ye poyednannya v odnij iyerarhiyi rozvitku ne lishe doroslih ta ditej a j inshih zhivih istot Vishezaznacheni principi viznachayut zrostannya skladnosti povedinki ta dozvolyayut sposterigati dinamiku rozvitku napriklad nemozhlivo vivchiti tablicyu mnozhennya poki ne vivcheni cifri nemozhlivo rozpovidati istoriyi poki ne opanovana zdatnist formuvati zakincheni rechennya i t p MHC chitko rozriznyaye stadiyi ta dozvolyaye provoditi vimiri adzhe zavdannya kozhnoyi konkretnoyi stadiyi abo vikonane abo ne vikonane Oskilki zavdannya kozhnogo rivnya skladnosti mozhna rozbiti na zavdannya nizhchogo rivnya skladnosti to model pretenduye na pobudovu odnoznachno viznachenoyi iyerarhiyi rivniv skladnosti Neobhidno rozriznyati gorizontalnu ta vertikalnu skladnist Gorizontalna skladnist oznachaye bilshu kilkist informaciyi na tomu zh rivni yiyi organizaciyi Napriklad pislya vivchennya tablici mnozhennya na 1 2 i 3 mozhna perejti do vivchennya tablici mnozhennya na 4 5 i 6 a pislya skladannya rechen z p yati sliv do skladannya rechen z desyati sliv Ce toj samij riven skladnosti tobto zbilshuyetsya gorizontalna skladnist vodnochas vertikalna zalishayetsya nezminnoyu Vertikalna skladnist oznachaye rizni rivni organizaciyi informaciyi napriklad perehid vid cifr do tablici mnozhennya vid arifmetiki do algebri vid sliv do rechen a vid rechen do narativiv istorij Pri zrostanni gorizontalnoyi skladnosti zrozumiti i vikonati zavdannya ne skladnishe navit yaksho na ce potribno bilshe chasu Shiroko vidomij koeficiyent intelektu IQ ye tipovim prikladom gorizontalnoyi skladnosti po miri virishennya zavdan osoboyu yaka prohodit testuvannya voni stayut skladnishimi ale zalishayutsya na tomu zhe rivni vertikalnoyi skladnosti Rivni iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti RedaguvatiRivni iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti Nomer Riven stadiya Diyi cogo rivnya skladnosti Hto dosyagaye cogo rivnya0 Rahunkova Rozriznyaye 0 ta 1 Reaguye na stimuli ale ne rozriznyaye sili stimuliv Molekula1 Avtomatichna Avtomatichno reaguye na stimuli zalezhno vid yihnoyi sili Ne navchayetsya ne koordinuye reakciyu na rizni stimuli Odnoklitinni2 Sensorna chi motorna Reaguye na rizni stimuli koordinuye reakciyu na rizni stimuli ruhaye chastinami tila Hrobaki molyuski rannij embrion lyudini3 Ciklichna sensorno motorna Torkayetsya ruhayetsya tryase ob yekti vidaye prosti zvuki fonemi ruhaye chastinami tila pislya rozpiznavannya ob yektiv Ribi komahi novonarodzhena ditina4 Sensorno motorna Zdijsnyuye skoordinovanu seriyu ruhiv zadlya dosyagnennya meti vimovlyaye kombinaciyi zvukiv ale ne slova Shuri diti do 1 roku5 Nominalna Znahodit zv yazok mizh koncepciyami vimovlyaye slova ta rozumiye yihnye znachennya Laboratorni golubi 1 richni diti6 Rechennyeva Skladaye zi sliv rechennya vikoristovuye zajmenniki ya ti moye Vikonuye seriyu prostih zavdan sho potrebuyut koordinaciyi Koti 2 3 richni diti Opisanij vipadok dosyagnennya cogo rivnya papugoyu pislya bagatoh rokiv trenuvannya Irenoyu Pepperberg en 7 Pre operacijna Robit prosti dedukciyi vikonuye diyi za spiskom rozpovidaye korotki istoriyi skladaye paragraf z rechen vikoristovuye zv yazki yaksho to yak koli tosho Rahuye podiyi ta ob yekti Sobaki 3 5 richni diti8 Pervinna Robit logichni umovivodi formulyuye empirichni pravila Vikonuye prosti arifmetichni diyi Dovodit tverdzhennya zajmaye poziciyu Rozpovidaye prosti narativi Samostijno skladaye i vikonuye poslidovnist dij Rozumiye chas i prostir a ktoriv Shimpanze ta rezus makaki 5 7 richni diti9 Konkretna Vikonuye bud yaki arifmetichni diyi Rozumiye skladni socialni pravila ta roli i dotrimuyetsya yih Rozpovidaye skladni poslidovni istoriyi Rozumiye vzayemozv yazki bere uchast u socialnih podiyah planuye ta vikonuye ugodi Rozumiye perspektivu inshoyi osobi ta sho z neyu vidbuvayetsya Rozumiye istoriyu ta geografiyu 7 11 richni diti priblizno 10 doroslih Frans de Vaal opisuye priklad povedinki mavp bonobo sho vidpovidaye comu rivnyu10 Abstraktna Formulyuye abstraktni ideyi dumki ta odinochni abstraktni ponyattya Vikoristovuye kvantori nihto dehto vsi Robit kategorijni uzagalnennya vsi lyudi smertni Riven dostupnij lishe dlya lyudej Pidlitki pislya 11 rokiv priblizno 30 doroslih11 Formalna Rozumiye vidnosini mizh abstraktnimi ponyattyami zrostannya dobrobutu vede do zmenshennya narodzhuvanosti koristuyetsya empirizmom linijnoyu formalnoyu logikoyu algebroyu z odnim nevidomim ta funkciyami odniyeyi zminnoyi Rozmovlyaye bagatoyu movoyu iz samorefleksiyeyu ta logichnimi zv yazkami Priblizno 40 doroslih zazvichaj formuyetsya pislya 14 rokiv12 Sistemna Rozumiye paterni v linijnih vidnoshennyah buduye sistemi zv yazkiv mizh abstraktnimi ponyattyami ta matrici rozv yazuye rivnyannya z kilkoma nevidomimi koristuyetsya funkciyami kilkoh zminnih Rozglyadaye vidnosini v konteksti Rozumiye ta obgovoryuye yuridichni ekonomichni socialni ta ekologichni sistemi Priblizno 20 doroslih zazvichaj formuyetsya pislya 18 rokiv13 Metasistemna Porivnyuye ta sintezuye rizni sistemi z riznoyu logikoyu ta metasistemi analizuye zagalni yakosti sistem izomorfnist gomomorfnist cilisnist spivmirnist tosho ta yihnij vzayemozv yazok Rozumiye ta obgovoryuye sistemi cinnostej Priblizno 1 5 doroslih zazvichaj formuyetsya pislya 20 rokiv14 Paradigmatichna Porodzhuye novi sposobi mislennya na osnovi kilkoh abstraktnih metasistem Stvoryuye novi paradigmi naukovi disciplini Proyavlyaye fraktalne mislennya Kilkist nevidoma ocinyuyetsya v 0 001 doroslih zazvichaj formuyetsya pislya 25 rokiv15 Kros paradigmatichna Sintezuye novi sferi dumki i diyalnosti na osnovi kilkoh paradigm Prikladi mehanika Nyutona evolyucijna teoriya Darvina teoriya vidnosnosti kvantova fizika teoriya haosu teoriya strun postmoderna filosofiya integralna teoriya tosho Kilkist nevidoma poodinoki prikladi zazvichaj formuyetsya bilya 30 rokiv16 riven skladnosti Meta kros paradigmatichna stadiya opisanij teoretichno ale ne sposterezhenij Zauvazhennya RedaguvatiModel iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti ye podalshim rozvitkom teoriyi kognitivnogo rozvitku Zhana Piazhe ale maye kilka vazhlivih vidminnostej Dodani stadiyi rozvitku sho perevishuyut riven rozvitku serednoyi dorosloyi lyudini Stadiyi rozvitku viznacheni za rezultatami praktichnogo vikonannya zavdan a ne za vikom Poyednani spilnoyu modellyu diti dorosli ta inshi zhivi istoti Model iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti vikoristovuyetsya u psihologiyi sociologiyi upravlinskij teoriyi ta praktici pedagogici Model iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti ye odnovimirnoyu i ne mozhe poshiryuvatisya na sferi za mezhami kognitivnogo rozvitku Literatura RedaguvatiArmon C 1984a Ideals of the good life and moral judgment Ethical reasoning across the life span In M L Commons F A Richards amp C Armon Eds Beyond formal operations Vol 1 Late adolescent and adult cognitive development pp 357 380 New York Praeger Armon C 1984b Ideals of the good life and moral judgment Evaluative reasoning in children and adults Moral Education Forum 9 2 Armon C 1989 Individuality and autonomy in adult ethical reasoning In M L Commons J D Sinnott F A Richards amp C Armon Eds Adult development Vol 1 Comparisons and applications of adolescent and adult developmental models pp 179 196 New York Praeger Armon C 1993 The nature of good work A longitudinal study In J Demick amp P M Miller Eds Development in the workplace pp 21 38 Hillsdale NJ Erlbaum Armon C amp Dawson T L 1997 Developmental trajectories in moral reasoning across the life span Journal of Moral Education 26 433 453 Biggs J B amp Collis K 1982 Evaluating the quality of learning The SOLO taxonomy structure of the observed learning outcome New York Academic Press Bowman A K 1996 Examples of task and relationship 4b 5a 5b statements for task performance atmosphere and preferred atmosphere In M L Commons E A Goodheart T L Dawson P M Miller amp D L Danaher Eds The general stage scoring system GSSS Presented at the Society for Research in Adult Development Amherst MA Commons M L 1991 A comparison and synthesis of Kohlberg s cognitive developmental and Gewirtz s learning developmental attachment theories In J L Gewirtz amp W M Kurtines Eds Intersections with attachment pp 257 291 Hillsdale NJ Erlbaum Commons M L 2007 Introduction to the model of hierarchical complexity Behavioral Development Bulletin 13 1 1 6 Commons M L amp Chen S J 2014 Advances in the model of hierarchical complexity MHC Behavioral Development Bulletin 19 4 37 50 Commons M L Crone Todd D amp Chen S J 2014 Using SAFMEDS and direct instruction to teach the model of hierarchical complexity The Behavior Analyst Today 14 1 2 31 45 Commons M L Gane McCalla R Barked C D amp Li E Y 2014 The model of hierarchical complexity as a measurement system Behavioral Development Bulletin 19 3 9 14 Commons M L amp Giri S 2016 Account of operant conditioning based on coordinating three procedural steps of respondent conditioning processes Behavioral Development Bulletin 21 1 14 32 Commons M L Giri S amp Harrigan W J 2014 The small effects of non hierarchical complexity variables on performance Behavioral Development Bulletin 19 4 31 36 Commons M L Goodheart E A amp Bresette L M with Bauer N F Farrell E W McCarthy K G Danaher D L Richards F A Ellis J B O Brien A M Rodriguez J A and Schraeder D 1995 Formal systematic and metasystematic operations with a balance beam task series A reply to Kallio s claim of no distinct systematic stage Adult Development 2 3 193 199 Commons M L Goodheart E A amp Dawson T L 1997 Psychophysics of stage Task complexity and statistical models Paper presented at the International Objective Measurement Workshop at the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association Chicago IL Commons M L Goodheart E A Pekker A Dawson T L Draney K amp Adams K M 2007 Using Rasch scaled stage scores to validate orders of hierarchical complexity of balance beam task sequences In E V Smith Jr amp R M Smith Eds Rasch measurement Advanced and specialized applications pp 121 147 Maple Grove MN JAM Press Commons M L Goodheart E A Rodriguez J A Gutheil T G 2006 Informed Consent Do you know it when you see it Psychiatric Annals June 430 435 Commons M L Krause S R Fayer G A amp Meaney M 1993 Atmosphere and stage development in the workplace In J Demick amp P M Miller Eds Development in the workplace pp 199 220 Hillsdale NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc Commons M L Lee P Gutheil T G Goldman M Rubin E amp Appelbaum P S 1995 Moral stage of reasoning and the misperceived duty to report past crimes misprision International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 18 4 415 424 Commons M L amp Miller P A 2001 A quantitative behavioral model of developmental stage based upon hierarchical complexity theory Behavior Analyst Today 2 3 222 240 Commons M L Miller P M 2002 A complete theory of human evolution of intelligence must consider stage changes A commentary on Thomas Wynn s Archeology and cognitive evolution Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 3 404 405 Commons M L amp Miller P M 2004 Development of behavioral stages in animals In Marc Bekoff Ed Encyclopedia of animal behavior pp 484 487 Westport CT Greenwood Publishing Group Commons M L amp Pekker A 2008 Presenting the formal theory of hierarchical complexity World Futures 64 5 7 375 382 Commons M L amp Richards F A 1984a A general model of stage theory In M L Commons F A Richards amp C Armon Eds Beyond formal operations Vol 1 Late adolescent and adult cognitive development pp 120 140 New York Praeger Commons M L amp Richards F A 1984b Applying the general stage model In M L Commons F A Richards amp C Armon Eds Beyond formal operations Vol 1 Late adolescent and adult cognitive development pp 141 157 New York Praeger Commons M L Richards F A amp Kuhn D 1982 Systematic and metasystematic reasoning A case for a level of reasoning beyond Piaget s formal operations Child Development 53 1058 1069 Commons M L Rodriguez J A 1990 Equal access without establishing religion The necessity for assessing social perspective taking skills and institutional atmosphere Developmental Review 10 323 340 Commons M L Rodriguez J A 1993 The development of hierarchically complex equivalence classes Psychological Record 43 667 697 Commons M L Trudeau E J Stein S A Richards F A amp Krause S R 1998 Hierarchical complexity of tasks shows the existence of developmental stages Developmental Review 8 3 237 278 Commons M L amp Wolfsont C A 2002 A complete theory of empathy must consider stage changes Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 01 30 31 Commons Miller N H K 2005 The stages of atheism Paper presented at the Society for Research in Adult Development Atlanta GA Cook Greuter S R 1990 Maps for living Ego development theory from symbiosis to conscious universal embeddedness In M L Commons J D Sinnott F A Richards amp C Armon Eds Adult Development Vol 2 Comparisons and applications of adolescent and adult developmental models pp 79 104 New York Praeger Coombs C H Dawes R M amp Tversky A 1970 Mathematical psychology An elementary introduction Englewood Cliffs New Jersey Prentice Hall Danaher D 1993 Sex role differences in ego and moral development Mitigation with maturity Doctoral dissertation Harvard Graduate School of Education Dawson T L 2000 Moral and evaluative reasoning across the life span Journal of Applied Measurement 1 4 346 371 Dawson Tunik T L 2004 A good education is The development of evaluative thought across the life span Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs 130 4 112 Demetriou A 1998 Cognitive development In A Demetriou W Doise K F M van Lieshout Eds Life span developmental psychology pp 179 269 London Wiley Fischer K W 1980 A theory of cognitive development The control and construction of hierarchies of skills Psychological Review 87 6 477 531 Funk J D 1989 Postformal cognitive theory and developmental stages of musical composition In M L Commons J D Sinnott F A Richards amp C Armon Eds Adult Development Vol 1 Comparisons and applications of developmental models pp 3 30 Westport CT Praeger Giri S Commons M L amp Harrigan W J 2014 There is only one stage domain Behavioral Development Bulletin 19 4 51 Inhelder B amp Piaget J 1958 The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence An essay on the development of formal operational structures A Parsons amp S Seagrim Trans New York Basic Books originally published 1955 Jordan T 2018 Late stages of adult development one linear sequence or several parallel branches Integral Review 14 1 288 299 Kallio E 1995 Systematic reasoning Formal or postformal cognition Journal of Adult Development 2 187 192 Kallio E 2011 Integrative thinking is the key an evaluation of current research into the development of adult thinking Theory amp Psychology 21 6 785 801 Kallio E amp Helkama K 1991 Formal operations and postformal reasoning A replication Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 32 1 18 21 Kitchener K S amp King P M 1990 Reflective judgement Ten years of research In M L Commons C Armon L Kohlberg F A Richards T A Grotzer amp J D Sinnott Eds Beyond formal operations Vol 2 Models and methods in the study of adolescent and adult thought pp 63 78 New York Praeger Kitchener K S amp Fischer K W 1990 A skill approach to the development of reflective thinking In D Kuhn Ed Developmental perspectives on teaching and learning thinking skills Contributions to Human Development Vol 21 pp 48 62 Lam M S 1995 Women and men scientists notions of the good life A developmental approach Doctoral dissertation University of Massachusetts Amherst MA Lamborn S Fischer K W amp Pipp S L 1994 Constructive criticism and social lies A developmental sequence for understanding honesty and kindness in social relationships Developmental Psychology 30 495 508 Lindsay P H amp Norman D A 1977 Human information processing An introduction to psychology 2nd Edition New York Academic Press Lovell C W 2002 Development and disequilibration Predicting counselor trainee gain and loss scores on the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire Journal of Adult Development 9 3 235 240 Mascolo M F 2008 The concept of domain in developmental analyses of hierarchical complexity World Futures 64 5 7 330 347 Miller M amp Cook Greuter S Eds 1994 Transcendence and mature thought in adulthood Lanham MN Rowman amp Littlefield Miller P M amp Lee S T June 2000 Stages and transitions in child and adult narratives about losses of attachment objects Paper presented at the Jean Piaget Society Montreal Quebec Canada Oliver C R 2004 Impact of catastrophe on pivotal national leaders vision statements Correspondences and discrepancies in moral reasoning explanatory style and rumination Doctoral dissertation Fielding Graduate Institute Overton W F 1990 Reasoning necessity and logic Developmental perspectives Hillsdale NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Rasch G 1980 Probabilistic model for some intelligence and attainment tests Chicago University of Chicago Press Robinson O C 2013 The model of hierarchical complexity In Development through adulthood an integrative sourcebook pp 56 60 Houndmills UK New York Palgrave Macmillan Ross S N 2014 Fractal model of nonlinear hierarchical complexity Measuring transition dynamics as fractals of themselves Behavioral Development Bulletin 19 3 28 32 Ross S N Commons M L Li E Y Stalne K amp Barker C D 2014 Toward defining order 16 and describing its performance for the model of hierarchical complexity Behavioral Development Bulletin 19 3 33 36 Sonnert G amp Commons M L 1994 Society and the highest stages of moral development Politics and the Individual 4 1 31 55 Young G 2011 Postformal thought Commons model In Development and causality neo Piagetian perspectives pp 413 437 New York Springer Verlag Posilannya RedaguvatiStattya Majkla Lamporta Introduction to the Model of Hierarchical Complexity Behavioral Development Bulletin Arhivovano 2 lyutogo 2011 u Wayback Machine Society for Research in Adult Development Arhivovano 22 chervnya 2011 u Wayback Machine Otrimano z https uk wikipedia org w index php title Model iyerarhichnoyi skladnosti amp oldid 36368797